Evaluation Exam – Quizzess

So ideally between 11 pm to 3 am….most of our blood circulation concentrates in our liver. The liver gets larger when filled with more blood. This is the time when liver undergoes detoxification process. Because between 3-5am, most of the blood circulation is concentrated in the lungs.  Breathing fresh air and exercise. Between -5-7am most of the blood circulation concentrates in the large intestine. This is the right time to Poop. From 7-9am most of the blood circulation concentrates in the stomach. This is a good time to have breakfast. High distribution (blood flow) is in liver, kidney and brain. Skeletal muscle, Adipose tissue has the slowest blood flow all over the day (generally). https://thechalkboardmag.com/chinese-body-clock-waking-up-at-night If Q is (At the sleeping time, which organ receives the second-highest blood supply?) lung

Therefore, increasing BSL; Niacin >& Statins (NS)

Phenytoin is lipid-soluble; crosses the BBB List of medications to be taken with a full glass of water;

The requirement of disintegration times varies with the types of tablets. As for example simple uncoated tablets should be disintegrated within 15 minutes, while dispersible tablets should be disintegrated within 3 minutes. Coated tablets 30-60 min

The inactivated oral cholera vaccine Dukoral is approved in Canada for prevention of TD. Probiotics. The available data indicate Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG and Saccharomyces boulardii are safe and may provide benefit.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Nosocomial; Aminoglycosides +/- Ampicillin, Ceftazidime (3rd)

Haptocorrin (HC), {also commonly known as the R-protein, or the R-factor, or previously referred to as transcobalamin I, is a unique glycoprotein produced by the salivary glands of the oral cavity, in response to ingestion of food. This protein binds strongly to vitamin B12 in what is an intricate and necessary mechanism to protect this vitamin from the acidic environment of the stomach}.

Ketamine is a short acting non-barbiturate anesthetic induces a dissociated state in which the patient appears awake but is unconscious and does not feel pain. Propofol. Sedative or hypnotic action, used in induction and maintenance of anesthesia. Fast onset (40 seconds of administration). Thiopental is rapid acting barbiturates.

http://www.mgwater.com/rod07.shtml

Antibiotics which are effective against Pseudomonas aeruginosa are; ciprofloxacin, Imipenam, meropenam, ceftazidime (third generation CS), cefipime (4th generation CS), piperacillin, ticarcillin, aztreonam, aminoglycosides. Moxifloxacin is the least FQ to be prescribed in UTIs as it is mostly eliminated through liver but to be considered as a good choice in other infections for renal impairment patients.

Warts are caused by viral infection called HPV. Flat warts frequently present as several flesh-coloured, small papules with a smooth surface affecting the face or neck. Common warts appear as single or grouped hyperkeratotic papulonodules most often seen on the knees, fingers, hands and around the nails. Plantar warts on the soles of the feet.

a&d for non-cardiogenic origin, b&c for cardiogrenic origin

• Risk of CHF, commonly seen with doxorubicin, daunorubicin, epirubicin, mitoxantrone (chemotherapeutic agents). • 5-FU, capecitabine. Cause coronary spasms, mimicking a myocardial infarction (avoid in know coronary artery disease patients). •Cardiotoxicity can be prevented or lessened by using cardioprotective agent Dexrazoxane • Dexrazoxane is EDTA derivative

Monitor for increased risk of bleeding during concomitant use of nonselective NSAIDs and salicylates. Ibuprofen, and possibly other nonselective NSAIDs, may reduce the cardioprotective effects of aspirin, Ibuprofen competitively inhibits the anti-platelet effects of Aspirin leading to increased cardiovascular risk. Alternative analgesics (e.g., acetaminophen) may be a safer choice. Patients may require counseling about the appropriate timing of ibuprofen and aspirin dosing. Ibuprofen should be administered 30-120 minutes after immediate release aspirin, 2 to 4 hours after extended release aspirin, or at least 8 hours before aspirin.

Sycosis vulgaris (also known as "Barber's itch," and "Sycosis barbae") is a cutaneous condition characterized by a chronic infection of the chin or bearded region The irritation is caused by a deep infection of hair follicles, often by species of Staphylococcus or Propionibacterium bacteria Asymptomatic or painful and tender erythematous papules and pustules may form around coarse hair in the beard (sycosis barbae) or the back of the neck (sycosis nuchae).

(Vestibular suppressants (e.g., scopolamine& gravol) are used to treat vertigo but disadv is suppression of vestibular function flunarizine is CCB also used for vertigo

Lipid: 9 kcal/g Protein (aa): 4 kcal/g Dextrose: 3.4 kcal/g

For treatment of Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) anxiety : All SSRIs are recommended as first line/Clomipramine is still favored in the treatment of obsessive compulsive disorder/venlafaxine is also effective and mirtazapine

When the properties of a material vary with different crystallographic orientations, the material is said to be anisotropic. Alternately, when the properties of a material are the same in all directions, the material is said to be isotropic.

Store each NICODERM patch in its protective pouch until you are ready to use it, because the patch will lose nicotine into the air if it is outside the pouch. Store NICODERM patches at room temperature (between 15 and 30°C).NICODERM patches are medicine and must be kept out of the reach of children. NICODERM can be extremely poisonous to children or pets if applied to the skin or swallowed.

(Pernicious anemia is a megaloblastic anemia resulting from vitamin B12 deficiency that develops as a result of lack of intrinsic factor in the stomach leading to malabsorption of the vitamin B12. For treatment of pernicious anemia use vitamin B12 parenteral (IM or SC), however do not use oral supplements)

Lyme disease is caused by Borrelia burgdorferi, a gram-negative transmitted by blacklegged ticks. DOC; A single dose of doxycycline was confirmed to be effective at preventing Lyme disease. Treatment; Early localized Lyme disease; doxycycline or amoxicillin or cefuroxime axetil can be used interchangeably. Early disseminated Lyme disease, doxycycline. Late disseminated disease; either amoxicillin or cefuroxime axetil should be used

The Gram-positive bacteria; alpha-hemolytic (S. Pneumonia) or Streptococcus viridans, Staphylococcus aureus, including methicillin-sensitive (MSSA) and methicillin-resistant (MRSA) strains, or coagulase-negative staphylococci (e.g., S. epidermidis, S. lugdunensis); or enterococci

Organisms causing bacterial conjunctivitis; Haemophilus influenzae, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae; Moraxella catarrhalis may occasionally cause conjunctivitis, Patients who wear contact lenses may develop corneal ulcers may also be due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Medications cause hyperkalemia; ACEI, ARBs, Aldosterones antagonists, heparin, NSAIDs, triamterene, Amiloride, direct renin inhibitors as Aliskiren, insulin deficiency Syncope can happen with ACEI, ARBs, alpha blockers, nitrates, direct vasodilators, PDE5 inhibitors (TVS), IM Gardasil vaccine

Nitroprusside when comes in contact with red blood cells (RBCs) produces nitric oxide (NO), which then stimulates guanylate cyclase leading to vasodilation.

Nephrolithiasis (kidney stones) is a disease affecting the urinary tract. Kidney stones are small deposits that build up in the kidneys, made of calcium, phosphate and other components of foods. Dosages of vitamin C >1 g daily may be associated increase the risk of renal stones, topiramate, uricosuric and X.O. inhibitors can cause renal stones

Codeine is converted to morphine by the hepatic cytochrome CYP2D6, hence its safety and efficacy is controlled by this polymorphism, and has a high degree of variability in humans. CYP2D6 activity levels have been associated with outcomes from codeine administration that range from an absence of effect to responses with the potential of serious medical consequences Substrates of CYP2D6; codeine, dextromethorphan, tamoxefine, atomoxetine, tramadol, BBs (propranolol, metoprolol), donepezil, galantamine Inhibitors of CYP2D6; QAMR, PIB, CVD, TM, HFquinidine, amiodarone, ranitidine, protease inhibitors, bupropion, cimetidine, valproic acid, diltiazem, terbenafine, mirabegron, haloperidol (antipsychotics), fluoxetine (SSRIs; fluoxetine, paroxetine, sertraline)

Caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis which can cause granuloma, cough with blood, orthopnea

(The partial thromboplastin time (PTT) or activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT or APTT) is a medical test that characterizes blood coagulation. ... The blood is mixed, then centrifuged to separate blood cells from plasma (as partial ... The typical reference range is between 30 seconds and 50 s)